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There are basically four ways to manage risk, they are as follows:
1. Retain - i.e., when the insurer issues a policy, the insurer is assuming financial responsibility for an insured.
2. Reduce - i.e., by charging a higher cost to insured(s) involved in certain activities.
3. Avoid - i.e., occurs when the insurer declines a policy.
4. Transfer - i.e., accomplished by the use of reinsurance.
There are two types of risk, only one of which can be covered by insurance.
Speculative Risk - (such as gambling) creates a risk situation and offers the opportunity for gain as well as the possibility of loss. Insurance is not designed to protect against speculative risks.
Pure Risk - The possibility of loss only; this is the type risk insurers accept. The purpose of insurance is to make a person whole again, to restore the insured to his or her original financial position. Insurance is not designed to provide a person with the opportunity of making a gain or profit.
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